The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women of reproductive age in Nzoia Ward Kakamega County – Kenya

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health and human rights concern that adversely affects women’s reproductive health, particularly in rural communities. This study examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women of reproductive age in Nzoia Ward, Kakamega County - Kenya. Guided by Social Ecological Theory, the study explored individual, relational, community, and structural factors associated with the prevalence of IPV among women in the study area. The study employed a convergent mixed-methods design comprising a cross-sectional survey and qualitative key informant interviews. A sample of 326 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) was selected for the quantitative component. Of these, 319 completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 97.9%. Health professionals, local administrators, and representatives of community-based organizations participated as key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 26, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed a high prevalence of IPV (70.53%), with physical violence (65.52%) being the most common form, followed by sexual violence (39.50%) and psychological violence (36.36%). Higher education significantly reduced the likelihood of experiencing IPV (OR=0.277, p=0.039), while informal employment (OR=2.375, p=0.017) and being single and sexually active (OR=3.397, p=0.029) increased the risk. This study reveals that Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is prevalent in the study population with the majority of women (70.53%) experiencing at least one form of IPV, most of them experiencing physical violence. The prevalence is higher than global and regional estimates, suggesting a high and context-specific burden of IPV. The study therefore recommends integrated, multi-sectoral interventions that promote women’s empowerment to reduce the prevalence of IPV in the study area. Key Words: Prevalence; Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); Women; Reproductive Age