Influence of Print-Based Teaching and Learning Resources on the Implementation of Competency-Based Education in Public Junior Schools in Wajir East Sub-County

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine influence of print-based teaching and learning resources on the implementation of competency-based education in public junior schools in Wajir East Sub-County. The study was anchored on Constructivist Leaning Theory. A mixed research approach was employed, specifically convergent design. The target population comprised 35 public junior schools, 35 heads of institutions, 2,175 learners, 165 teachers, and one sub-county director of education in Wajir East sub-county. Sample size included: 10 public junior schools selected using stratified and random sampling, 338 learners selected using systematic sampling, 71 teachers selected using simple random sampling, 10 heads of institutions included using criterion purposive sampling, and 1 SCDE selected using criterion purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included: questionnaires for teachers, interview guides for heads institutions and SCDE, focus groups discussion guide for learners, observation guide, and document analysis was used in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 28 for descriptive and inferential statistics, and NVivo for thematic analysis of qualitative interview data. The findings showed that the implementation of CBE was facilitated by printed materials, instructional resources, community engagement, and teacher competency. The findings showed positive contributions. Evidence confirmed the importance of resources, supervision and stakeholder support. Challenges, however, included limited digital integration, varying levels of community participation, and varying levels of teacher capacity. Resources, training and partnerships should be strengthened. The study found that the availability, adequacy, relevance, and effective use of textbooks, teachers’ guides, workbooks, and charts significantly influenced the implementation of Competency-Based Education in public junior schools in Wajir East Sub-County. It concluded that inadequate and outdated print-based resources limited learner-centred instruction, practical activities, and the development of core competencies. The study recommends that the government and school administrators provide sufficient, current, and curriculum-aligned print resources while training teachers to use them effectively. Key Words: Print-Based Teaching; Learning Resources; Implementation of Competency-Based Education; Public Junior Schools