Cultural Activities Perpetuating Gender-Based Violence Among Men in Rubaga Division, Uganda

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a persistent social concern across many communities, often shaped by deeply rooted cultural norms and practices. In Rubaga Division, Uganda, traditional practices such as initiation rituals and the bride price system continue to influence male perceptions and behaviors, perpetuating violence. Cultural expectations around masculinity and emotional expression have contributed to the normalization and underreporting of GBV, particularly among men. Aims: This study sought to examine how cultural activities influence gender-based violence among men and to explore how these practices shape male attitudes, emotional expression, and help-seeking behaviors within the Rubaga Division, Uganda. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach using a combination of cross-sectional and phenomenological designs. A purposive sample of 113 participants, including male survivors of GBV, social workers, healthcare providers, law enforcement officers, and NGO coordinators, was selected. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. Results: Findings revealed that cultural activities such as initiation rituals reinforce hegemonic masculinity by promoting male dominance, emotional suppression, and aggression. The bride price system emerged as a practice that contributes to gender inequality by commodifying women and legitimizing male control within marital relationships. Additionally, cultural norms that discourage emotional vulnerability among men were associated with stigma, silence, and limited access to support services. Conclusion: The findings suggest that culturally ingrained practices significantly contribute to the persistence of gender-based violence in Rubaga Division. Targeted interventions that challenge harmful cultural norms and promote emotional openness among men are essential. Community sensitization, gender education, and culturally responsive GBV prevention strategies are necessary to foster safer and more equitable communities. Keywords: Cultural activities, gender-based violence, initiation rituals, bride price, male victims, hegemonic masculinity