Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of the implementation of the United Nations guiding principles on internally displaced people (IDPs) in Juba City County South Sudan. The study was guided by Conflict Theory which underscores the systemic inequalities that could incite strife and upheaval (Marx, 1867; Dahrendorf, 1959 and Collins, 2000). The research employed a mixed-methods approach, encompassing surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, involving a sample size of 220 participants, including 200 respondents and 20 key informants. Study findings revealed that, only 42% of IDPs responded that they were aware about the United Nations principles on the protection of IDPs. 58% of them lacked significant knowledge of their existence. Further, results revealed that, there exists challenges in executing the mandate of UNMISS among IDPs. The challenges included poor government regulations, weak political commitment and lack of peace keeping efforts. The study concluded that, security remains the primary concern for IDPs, with the majority expressing fear of returning home due to ongoing violence, land disputes, and inadequate legal protections. It was recommended that, there is a need to strengthening UNMISS and local law enforcement’s rapid response capabilities and community-based security initiatives. The study also recommends enhancing government accountability, participatory decision-making, and legal reforms which will rebuild IDP confidence in state-led reintegration efforts.

Key terms: United Nations Guiding Principles, Internally displaced people, Security, Political instability, Crisis